La revista biomédica tiene una función importante como herramienta docente / The Biomedical Journal has an important function as a teaching tool

La transmisión del conocimiento científico ha evolucionado desde la forma oral y los manuscritos en distintos soportes a la difusión mediante el libro facilitado por la imprenta a partir del siglo XV. (AU)

Ciencia amanuense: cultura manuscrita e historia natural en la Francia moderna (c. 1660-1830) / Scribal science: manuscript culture and natural history in early modern France (c. 1660-1830)

Si la historia de la ciencia ha pasado las últimas tres décadas desmantelando los mitos de la revolución científica y de la revolución de la imprenta, así como la feliz conjunción de ambas en la Edad Moderna, poca atención ha prestado a una de las sombras arrojadas por tales narrativas modernizadoras: la incontestable pervivencia de una sofisticada cultura manuscrita entre los practicantes del saber en tiempos de la llamada "cultura impresa". Prestaremos aquí atención a algunas prácticas amanuenses en el trabajo de la historia natural, utilizando para ello los ricos fondos del Muséum national d'histoire naturelle en París. Nos centraremos en artefactos manuscritos (diarios, excerptas, catálogos de fichas) e híbridos (herbarios), atendiendo a su función en cuatro gestos clave de la labor del naturalista: observar, leer, clasificar, archivar. Lejos de constituir una práctica secundaria, la creación y manipulación de registros manuscritos se situaba en el corazón de la vasta empresa del conocimiento de la naturaleza entre 1660 y 1830

If the history of science has spent the last three decades dismantling the myths of the scientific revolution and the revolution of print, as well as their happy conjunction in the early modern period, little attention has been paid to one of the shadows cast by those modernizing narratives: the unquestionable persistence of a sophisticated manuscript culture among knowledge practitioners at the time of the so-called "print culture". I will pay attention here to some scribal practices in the work of natural history, drawing from the rich collections of the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris. I will focus on manuscript artefacts (journals, excerpts, card catalogs) and hybrid artefacts (herbaria), as well as on their function in four key gestures of the naturalist: observing, reading, classifying, archiving. Far from being a practice of secondary importance, creating and handling manuscript records was at the core of the vast enterprise of the knowledge of nature between 1660 and 1830

Cultura y sociedad: Próspero Calderón y su legado para las artes, letras y publicaciones costarricenses / Culture and society: Prospero Calderón and his legacy for Costa Rican arts, letters and publications

Resumen Próspero Calderón (1862-1934) será el primer costarricense que se dedique a la profesión de editor; asimismo, será fotógrafo, docente, diseñador y precursor de las Artes gráficas en el país. Bajo sus ideales de promoción de la cultura se fundan las primeras publicaciones costarricenses en formato de revista: Costa Rica Ilustrada y Páginas Ilustradas, presentando en sus páginas fotografías de H.N. Rudd, Manuel Gómez Miralles y Amando Céspedes, entre otros, así como textos de Joaquín García Monge, Justo A. Facio, Carmen Lyra y Lisímaco Chavarría. Su aporte es imprescindible en el estudio de la sociedad y del arte costarricense en la transición del s. XIX al s. XX. Por lo anterior, para la realización de esta investigación, se recurrió a la Metodología Histórica, desarrollada a partir de las etapas heurística y hermenéutica, para finalizar con una propuesta teórica bajo la figura de Biografía histórica.

Abstract Prospero Calderón (1862-1934) will be the first Costa Rican to devote himself to the profession of editor; Likewise he will be photographer, teacher, designer and precursor of the graphic arts in the country. Under its ideals for the promotion of culture, the first Costa Rican publications are published in a magazine format: Costa Rica Ilustrada and Páginas Ilustradas, featuring on its pages photographs of H.N. Rudd, Manuel Gómez Miralles and Amando Céspedes, among others, as well as texts by Joaquín García Monje, Justo A. Facio, Carmen Lyra and Lisímaco Chavarría. His contribution is essential in the study of Costa Rican society and art in the transition of the s. XIX to s. XX. In order to carry out this research, was used the Historical Methodology, developed from the heuristic and hermeneutic stages, to conclude with a theoretical proposal under the figure of Historical Biography.

El español de la biomedicina: el nexo entre el origen y sus características / The Spanish of biomedicine: the nexus between the origin and its characteristics

El lenguaje especializado de la medicina tiene una fuerte presencia del griego, que se explica por varios factores. Por un lado, los médicos griegos desarrollaron un verdadero lenguaje científico que, en parte, pervive en el lenguaje médico actual; algunas palabras fueron transmitidas por mantenerse en uso sin interrupción y otras palabras se incorporaron de nuevo en el Renacimiento al vocabulario médico, cuando los textos médicos griegos antiguos circularon en extensión y calidad gracias a la imprenta y a sus traducciones latinas. Por otro lado, el lenguaje médico antiguo sirvió de modelo para desarrollar neologismos, que incorporó el vocabulario médico del siglo XVIII en adelante, cuando se abandonaron definitivamente las teorías galénicas. Una de las características lingüísticas de ese vocabulario es la marcada presencia de palabras compuestas, característica que comparte con el lenguaje médico de la Antigüedad. Los elementos léxicos de origen griego fueron utilizados de forma preferente para crear esos nuevos compuestos, lo que de nuevo incidió en la presencia del griego en el léxico médico especializado

The specialized language of medicine has a strong presence of Greek language. It is explained by several factors. On the one hand, ancient Greek doctors developed a true scientific language which partly survives in the current medical language; some ancient words remained in use without interruption; other words were incorporated back into medical vocabulary in Renaissance when the ancient Greek medical texts were available and were circulated with great quality through printing and Latin translations. On the other hand, the ancient medical language served as a model to develop neologisms that were incorporated in the medical vocabulary of the eighteenth century onwards when the medical theories of Galen were finally abandoned. One of the linguistic characteristics of that vocabulary is the strong presence of compound words, feature it shares with the medical language of antiquity. Lexical elements of Greek origin were used in preference to create these new compounds and so the presence of Greek language in the specialized medical lexicon was emphasized

Estudio del manejo del plomo en establecimientos de tipografía, reconstrucción de baterías y recicladores de chatarra en el departamento del Quindío, Colombia / Study of lead management in typography establishments, battery reconstruction and scrap cecyclers in Quindio (Colombia)

En el 2011, existían en el departamento del Quindío aproximadamente 95 establecimientos comerciales, dedicados a tipografías, reciclaje de chatarra, y reconstrucción de baterías en donde los trabajadores tenían contacto con metales pesados como el plomo (Pb) sin protección alguna. De estos 95 establecimientos, participaron en el estudio el 55% y de estas empresas se encontró que el 80.65% era economía informal, es decir, independientes, unifamiliares y sin afiliación a la Seguridad Social Integral (Salud, Pensión y Riesgos laborales). El riesgo más importante en estos trabajadores es la manipulación consciente o inconsciente del plomo. El Pb se utiliza en su forma metálica y en aleaciones, siendo de los pocos metales que es tóxico por sí mismo. El Pb no tiene una función biológica útil en el hombre, por lo que es preocupante que se hable de cifras normales de este metal en la sangre. La exposición no controlada del Pb genera graves daños a nivel sistémico del organismo, tales como: disminución de la capacidad física, fatiga, trastornos del sueño, cefalea, dolores de huesos y músculos, dolores abdominales, disminución del apetito y en casos muy graves se produce daño en riñones e incluso la muerte.

In 2011, about 95 commercial establishments existed in the department of Quindio, they worked in typography, scrap recycling, and battery reconstruction where workers had contact with heavy metals such as lead (Pb), without any protection. 55 % of these 95 establishments participated in the study, and 80,65% of them worked informally, that is to say people who were independent, single-family, and without Integral Social Security affiliation (health, pension and occupational hazards). The Major risk in these workers is conscious or unconscious manipulation of lead. The Pb is used in metallic form and alloys, being one of the few metals that are toxic by itself. The Pb has no useful biological function in humans, so it is worrying to talk about normal levels of lead in the blood. Uncontrolled exposure of Pb causes serious damage to the body in a systemical level, such as decreased physical fitness, fatigue, sleep disorders, headache, muscle and bone pain, abdominal pain, decreased appetite and, in severe cases, produces kidney damage and even death.

Influência da posição ortostática na ocorrência de sintomas e sinais clínicos de venopatias de membros inferiores em trabalhadores de uma gráfica na cidade do Recife-PE / Influence of orthostatic posture in the occurrence of clinical symptoms and signs of lower limb venopathy in workers of a printing company in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

Embora ainda não haja evidência da relação direta causa-efeito da doença venosa com o trabalho, existe consenso atual na opinião médica de que a postura de trabalho pode agravar o desenvolvimento da mesma. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da permanência prolongada na postura ortostática com o desencadeamento e/ou gravamento de sinais e sintomas referentes aos transtornos venosos de membros inferiores em funcionários de uma gráfica em Recife, entre maio e julho de 2008. Foram analisadas as condições e os meios que são colocados à disposição do trabalhador para desenvolver sua atividade laboral. Os funcionários responderam a um questionário onde foram abordadas questões referentes aos transtornos circulatórios de membros inferiores com queixas ao longo do dia e no final do expediente de trabalho. Também foi realizada a perimetria dos membros inferiores antes e após a jornada de trabalho. Foi observada a presença de varizes em 64% dos funcionários e o aumento das medidas de perimetria em todos os funcionários após a jornada de trabalho. Dentre as queixas relatadas, destaca-se a sensação de peso e cansaço, dores, cãimbras e presença de edema nos membros inferiores. Os resultados indicam uma associação positiva entre as condições de trabalho no setor investigado e o surgimento ou agravamento de sinais e sintomas referentes aos transtornos venosos nos membros inferiores nos funcionários.

Although there is no evidence of direct causal relationship between venous disease and work, currently there is consensus of medical opinion that posture at work can aggravate this type of disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of prolonged orthostatic posture in the onset and/or worsening of signs and symptoms related to lower limb venous disorders among employees of a printing company in Recife, between May and July 2008. We analyzed the conditions and means made available for employees to perform their labor activities. They answered a questionnaire with questions related to lower limb circulatory disorders, reporting complaints throughout and at the end of working day. Lower limbs perimetry was tested before and after work. Sixty-four per cent of workers had varicose veins and increased perimetry measures after their working hours. Reported complaints included feeling heavy, fatigue, pains, cramps, and lower limb edema. The results indicated a positive association between working conditions at the investigated company and emerging or worsening of signs and symptoms related to venous disorders in lower limbs of its employees.

Acuerdo de Competitividad de la Cadena Productiva de la Industria Gráfica

Convenio de participación de los actores económicos de la cadena productiva de la industria gráfica en la consecución de mejores niveles de competitividad sectorial (Desarrollo Integral)